Tun lokacin da Louis Robert na Faransa ya ƙirƙiro na'urar takarda ta farko mai ci gaba a shekarar 1799, wannan fasaha ta sake fasalin yaɗuwar wayewar ɗan adam cikin sauri mai ban mamaki. Fiye da shekaru 200, na'urorin takarda sun samo asali daga tsoffin samfuran hannu zuwa manyan mutane na zamani waɗanda ke da saurin da ya wuce mita 1500 a minti ɗaya, wanda ci gaba da yaɗa sabbin fasahohi ke haifarwa.

Yaɗuwa: Daga Lab zuwa Samar da Yawa

Ƙirƙirar Louis Robert a shekarar 1799 ta kawo ƙarshen yin takarda da hannu. Injin da aka yi da hannu mai tsari, mai faɗin milimita 640 da tsawon milimita 3000, da kuma gudun mita 5 a minti ɗaya, shi ne ya kafa tushen dabarun yin takarda akai-akai.

A shekarar 1803, wanda wani mai aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa Henry Fourdrinier ya ba da kuɗinsa, wani injiniya ɗan Birtaniya Bryan Donkin ya gina injin Fourdrinier na farko da aka samar da yawa kuma ya sanya shi a Frogmore Paper Mill da ke Burtaniya. Tare da faɗin takarda mai girman mm 813 da kuma sashin matse ruwa mai ci gaba, ya fara zamanin yin takarda a hukumance a hukumance.

Majagaba: Nasarorin da aka samu a Fasahohin Muhimmanci

A rabin farko na karni na 19, manyan kayayyaki na injunan takarda sun fara fitowa ɗaya bayan ɗaya:

• Fasahar Silinda Mould: Braman ne ya ƙirƙiro shi a shekarar 1805, kuma ya kafa harsashin nau'ikan injinan takarda daban-daban.
• Tsarin BusarwaNa'urorin busarwa sun bayyana a shekarar 1816, da farko an dumama su da gawayi ba tare da murfi ba; a shekarar 1823, Crompton ya ƙirƙiro na'urorin busarwa masu zafi da tururi tare da na'urorin busarwa, wanda hakan ya ƙara inganta ingancin busarwa sosai.
• Inganta Sashen Matsawa da Waya: John Dickinson ya yi lasisin buga takardu na biyu a shekarar 1817; Thomas Barutt ya ƙirƙiri na'urorin girgiza waya da kuma na'urorin alamar ruwa a shekarar 1830, wanda hakan ya inganta ingancin takarda da kwanciyar hankali.

Zuwa shekarar 1840, faɗin injin Fourdrinier ya wuce inci 60 (1525mm), wanda hakan ya share fagen samar da manyan kayayyaki.

Tsalle: Juyin Juya Hali a Wutar Lantarki & Aiki da Kai

Daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20, nasarorin juyin juya halin masana'antu sun shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce sosai:

• Ƙirƙirar Wutar LantarkiA shekarar 1894, wani kamfanin yin takarda a Austria ya fara amfani da injinan lantarki maimakon injinan tururi, wanda hakan ya kara gudu da kwanciyar hankali.
• Bincike Mai Sauri: Injin takarda mafi girma a Amurka ya fito a shekarar 1896, mai faɗin 4060mm da saurin mita 152/min; ƙirƙirar na'urar busar da kayan kujera ta injin a shekarar 1908 ta inganta aikin cire ruwa daga sassan waya.
• Inganta Tuƙin LantarkiA shekarar 1909, Voith da Brown Boveri suka haɗa kai wajen ƙirƙirar na'urar lantarki ta sashe, wadda ke ba da damar daidaita saurin dukkan sassan injin.

A tsakiyar karni na 20, akwatunan kai na hydraulic da akwatunan kai masu layi-layi sun tabbatar da samuwar takarda iri ɗaya; birgima masu canzawa sun warware karkacewar birgima a manyan gudu.

Kololuwa: Sauri da Iyakokin Injinan Takarda na Zamani

Daga ƙarshen karni na 20 zuwa farkon karni na 21, injunan takarda sun shiga zamanin "gasar gudu":

A shekarar 1993, Injin 6 a Jämsänkoski Mill na Finland ya samar da takarda mai girman 56g/m² mai girman 1502m/min tare da faɗin waya mai tsawon 10.1m; a wannan shekarar, Injin 7 a Kaipola Mill ya kafa tarihin buga jaridu na 1530m/min. Waɗannan manyan mutane da Valmet ya ƙera sun wakilci kololuwar fasahar yin takarda a duniya.

A halin yanzu, injunan waya biyu masu girma, na'urorin matsewa da kuma akwatunan kai na iska sun sami ci gaba a faɗi, gudu da inganci; sabbin kayayyaki kamar wayoyin filastik da allon dewatering na tungsten carbide sun inganta dorewa da inganci.

Tunawa da Baya & Hasashe

Tun daga injin Robert mai amfani da hannu zuwa manyan kamfanonin zamani masu sauri, tarihin injinan takarda ya kasance wani abu da aka saba gani a fannin fasaha kuma shaida ne ga saurin yaɗuwar wayewar ɗan adam. Ya kawo sauyi a fannin samar da takarda kuma ya ba da damar yaɗuwar ilimi da bayanai. Yanzu, a tsakiyar fasahar zamani, injinan takarda suna ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa ga adana makamashi, hankali da kuma samar da takarda ta musamman, suna ci gaba da tatsuniyarsu a cikin sabon zamani.