Asalin takarda Kraft

Kraft PaperMadaidaicin kalmar "ƙarfi" a cikin Jamusanci shine "farin saniya".

Da farko, kayan da ake amfani da shi na takarda ya zama tsumma kuma an yi amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Daga baya, tare da ƙirƙira na crusher, an karɓi hanyar jujjuyawar injin, kuma an sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa zuwa abubuwan fibrous ta cikin injin. A shekara ta 1750, Herinda Bita 'yar Netherlands ta ƙirƙira injin takarda, kuma an fara samar da takarda mai girma. Bukatar kayan da aka yi da takarda ya wuce abin da ake samarwa sosai.
Sabili da haka, a farkon karni na 19, mutane sun fara bincike da haɓaka wasu kayan da ake yin takarda. A cikin 1845, Keira ya ƙirƙira ɓangaren itacen ƙasa. Irin wannan nau'in ɓangaren litattafan almara ana yin shi ne daga itace kuma ana niƙa shi cikin zaruruwa ta hanyar matsi ko na'ura. Koyaya, ɓangaren litattafan almara na ƙasa yana riƙe da kusan duk abubuwan da ke cikin kayan itace, tare da gajere da ƙananan zaruruwa, ƙarancin tsabta, ƙarfi mai rauni, da sauƙin rawaya bayan dogon ajiya. Koyaya, wannan nau'in ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ƙimar amfani mai yawa da ƙarancin farashi. Ana yawan amfani da ɓangarorin niƙa don yin takardan labarai da kwali.

A cikin 1857, Hutton ya ƙirƙira ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ana iya raba irin wannan nau'in ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfite, ɓangaren litattafan almara, da ɓangaren litattafan almara na soda, dangane da wakili na lalata da aka yi amfani da shi. Hanyar ɓarkewar soda da Hardon ya ƙirƙira ya ƙunshi tururi albarkatun ƙasa a cikin maganin sodium hydroxide a babban zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don bishiyoyi masu faɗi da tushe kamar kayan shuka.
A cikin 1866, Chiruman ya gano ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfite, wanda aka yi ta hanyar ƙara ɗanyen kayan aiki zuwa maganin sulfite na acidic wanda ke ɗauke da sulfite mai yawa da dafa shi a cikin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba don cire ƙazanta irin su lignin daga kayan shuka. Za'a iya amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace gauraye tare azaman albarkatun ƙasa don buga labarai, yayin da ɓangaren litattafan almara ya dace da samar da takarda mai tsayi da tsaka-tsaki.
A cikin 1883, Daru ya ƙirƙira ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda ke amfani da cakuda sodium hydroxide da sodium sulfide don dafa abinci mai zafi da zafi. Saboda yawan ƙarfin fiber na ɓangaren litattafan almara da aka samar da wannan hanya, ana kiranta "ruwan shanu". Kraft ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da wuyar bleach saboda ragowar lignin mai launin ruwan kasa, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai, don haka takardar kraft ɗin da aka samar ta dace da takarda marufi. Hakanan za'a iya ƙara ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin wata takarda don yin takarda ta bugawa, amma ana amfani da ita musamman don takarda kraft da takarda. Gabaɗaya, tun bayan bullar ƙwayar sinadarai kamar sulfite pulp da sulfate pulp, takarda ta rikiɗe daga kayan alatu zuwa kayayyaki mai arha.
A cikin 1907, Turai ta haɓaka ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfite da hemp gauraye ɓangaren litattafan almara. A cikin wannan shekarar, Amurka ta kafa masana'antar takarda ta kraft ta farko. An san Bates a matsayin wanda ya kafa "jakar takarda kraft". Da farko ya yi amfani da takarda kraft don tattara gishiri kuma daga baya ya sami takardar shaidar “Bates pulp”.
A cikin 1918, duka Amurka da Jamus sun fara kera injina na kera jaka na takarda kraft. Shawarar "daidaituwar takarda mai nauyi" ta Houston ita ma ta fara fitowa a wancan lokacin.
Kamfanin Santo Rekis Paper da ke Amurka ya yi nasarar shiga kasuwannin Turai ta hanyar amfani da fasahar dinki na buhunan dinki, wanda daga baya aka fara shigo da shi kasar Japan a shekarar 1927.