A cikin dukan tsarin yin takarda na "pulping - papermaking - finishing", mai tacewa shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci wanda ke ƙayyade aikin fiber da ingancin takarda. Ta hanyar jiki, sinadarai, ko ayyukan injiniya da sinadaran haɗin gwiwa, yana yanke, fibrillates, 帚化 (fibrillation), kuma yana tsaftace zaruruwan ɓangaren litattafan almara, yana ba da damar asalin zaruruwan zazzaɓi don samar da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, kuma a ƙarshe yana ba da takarda tare da ainihin aiki kamar ƙarfi, daidaituwa, da ɗaukar tawada. Daga masana'antun dutse na al'ada zuwa kayan aiki na fasaha na zamani, fasahar fasaha na masu tacewa ya kasance kullum yana dogara ne akan ka'idoji guda uku na "daidaitaccen inganci, daidaito, da kiyaye makamashi", ya zama muhimmin goyon baya ga haɓaka masana'antun takarda.

I. Babban Ayyuka da Ƙa'idar Aiki na Masu Refiners

Babban manufar mai tacewa shine "inganta ilimin halittar fiber", kuma ana iya taƙaita ƙa'idar aikinsa a matsayin "gyara fiber a ƙarƙashin aikin injiniya":

• Ka'ida ta asali: Lokacin da ɓangaren litattafan almara ya wuce tsakanin fayafai na mai tacewa (ko rolls), ana yin shi da haɗin gwiwar injiniyoyi kamar su shear, extrusion, da kneading. Ganuwar cell fiber suna tsage don samar da microfibrils, kuma saman yana haifar da tsarin fibrillated mai yawa. A lokaci guda, zaruruwa masu tsayi da yawa suna yanke daidai yadda ya kamata, suna yin rarraba tsawon fiber daidai da buƙatun yin takarda.
• Babban Ayyuka: Da fari dai, inganta ƙarfin haɗin fiber don yin takarda ya sami isasshen ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin hawaye, da ƙarfin fashewa; Abu na biyu, haɓaka daidaituwar haɗin fiber ɗin don tabbatar da daidaiton takarda da laushi; na uku, daidaitawa da buƙatun nau'ikan takarda daban-daban, kamar takardar al'ada da ke buƙatar filaye masu kyau don haɓaka iya bugawa, da tattara takarda da ke buƙatar kauri da dogon zaruruwa don haɓaka taurin kai.

II. Manyan Nau'o'i da Halayen Fasaha na Masu Refiners

Dangane da ƙirar tsari, hanyar aiki, da yanayin aikace-aikacen, masu tacewa gama gari a cikin masana'antar yin takarda an raba su zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu masu zuwa, kowannensu yana da nasa dabarun fasaha da iyakokin aikace-aikacen:

1. Disc Refiner

• Halayen Tsari: Haɗe da kafaffen faifai (faifan tsaye) da diski mai jujjuya (juyawar diski). Ana rarraba saman diski tare da sassan niƙa na nau'ikan haƙora daban-daban (kamar serrated, trapezoidal, karkace), kuma ana sarrafa ƙarfin haɓakar ta ta hanyar daidaita tazarar diski.
• Fa'idodin Fasaha: High refining yadda ya dace, uniform fiber gyara. Yana iya daidaitawa da ɓangarorin ɓangarorin daban-daban (ɓangaren itace, ɓangaren bambaro, ɓangaren litattafan almara) ta hanyar maye gurbin sifofin haƙoran diski, yana mai da shi kayan aikin tacewa da aka fi amfani da su da ke rufe takarda al'adu, takarda marufi, takarda bayan gida, da sauran nau'ikan takarda.
• Subtypes: Mai gyara diski guda ɗaya (aiki a gefe ɗaya na diski), mai gyara diski biyu (aiki a ɓangarorin diski a lokaci ɗaya), mai tace diski uku (tsakiyar fayafai + fayafai masu juyawa gefe biyu, inganci mafi girma).

2. Conical Refiner

• Halayen Tsari: Yana ɗaukar haɗin haɗin conical stator da rotor. Pulp yana ci gaba a karkace tare da tazarar conical, ana ci gaba da yi masa sausaya da extrusion. Za'a iya sarrafa ƙarfin tacewa daidai ta hanyar daidaita tazarar conical.
• Fa'idodin Fasaha: Ƙananan yankan fiber, sakamako mai kyau na fibrillation, dace da nau'in takarda da ke buƙatar babban tsayin fiber (kamar takarda kraft, linerboard). Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi na aiki da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, wanda akafi amfani dashi don tacewa na biyu na ɓangaren litattafan almara ko sarrafa ingantaccen ɓangaren litattafan almara.

3. Silindrical Refiner

• Halayen Tsari: Haɗe da nadi na niƙa mai siliki da farantin niƙa mai siffar baka. The nika yi surface sanye take da transverse ko karkace nika hakora. Juyawar nadi mai niƙa yana tafiyar da kwararar ɓangaren litattafan almara kuma ya kammala aikin tacewa.
• Fa'idodin Fasaha: Babban haƙuri ga ƙazanta (kamar hatsin yashi, ɓangarorin filastik) a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, ba sauƙin toshewa ba. Dace da m nika na sharar gida takarda takarda ko pretreatment na m fiber albarkatun kasa kamar bambaro ɓangaren litattafan almara, sau da yawa amfani da a gaban-karshen refining aiwatar da pulping samar Lines.

4. Babban Mai Refiner

• Halayen Tsari: Ya dace da yanayin yanayin ɓangaren litattafan almara (15% -40%). Yana amfani da na'urar ciyarwa ta musamman (kamar screw feeder) don tabbatar da shigar da ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa yankin niƙa. Siffar haƙoran diski galibi faɗin haƙori ne da ƙira mai girma don haɓaka tasirin ƙullun fiber.
• Fa'idodin Fasaha: High fiber fibrillation digiri, karfi bonding karfi, wanda zai iya muhimmanci inganta takarda ƙarfi. A cikin yanayi masu daidaituwa, yankan fiber ya ragu kuma amfani da makamashi yana da ƙasa. Ya dace da gyaran gyare-gyare na nau'ikan takarda masu daraja (kamar takarda mai rufi, takarda na musamman) ko sarrafa ɓangaren litattafan almara na buƙatar haɗin fiber mai ƙarfi.

III. Mahimman Ma'auni na Fasaha da Ƙa'idodin Zaɓa na Masu Refiners

1. Ma'auni na Fasaha

• Daidaita Daidaitawa: Rarraba cikin ƙananan daidaituwa (≤8%), matsakaicin matsakaici (8% -15%), da babban daidaituwa (≥15%). Daidaituwa kai tsaye yana shafar haɓakar haɓakawa da haɓakar ƙwayoyin fiber, kamar haɓakar haɓaka mai ƙarfi da ke mai da hankali kan fibrillation da ƙarancin daidaitawa suna mai da hankali kan yanke.
• Tazarar Disc: Maɓalli na maɓalli da ke ƙayyade ƙarfin tacewa. Ƙananan rata, mafi girma da ƙarfin tsaftacewa. Yana buƙatar daidaitawa da ƙarfi bisa ga buƙatun nau'in takarda da halayen ɓangaren litattafan almara (yawanci ana sarrafa shi a 0.1-1.0mm).
• Siffar Haƙoran Disc da Faɗin Haƙori: Siffar haƙori yana rinjayar yadda ake damuwa da zaruruwa (nau'in nau'in haƙori na nau'in shear ya dace da yankan, nau'in nau'in nau'in haƙori ya dace da fibrillation). Faɗin haƙori yana ƙayyade wurin tuntuɓar yankin niƙa, wanda ke buƙatar dacewa da nau'in ɓangaren litattafan almara da maƙasudin tacewa.
• Ƙarfin Mota da Gudun Juyawa: Ƙarfin yana ƙayyade ƙarfin haɓakawa (yawanci 55-1000kW), kuma saurin juyawa yana rinjayar saurin layin layi (gaba ɗaya 1500-3000r / min). Maɗaukakin saurin layi yana nufin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ya dace da buƙatun tace mai ƙarfi.
• Iyawa: An zaɓa bisa ga sikelin samarwa. Ƙarfin kayan aiki guda ɗaya yawanci 5-100t / d, kuma manyan layukan samarwa na iya ɗaukar jerin raka'a da yawa ko daidaitaccen tsari.

2. Ƙa'idodin Zaɓin Mahimmanci

• Daidaita da Bukatun Nau'in Takarda: Don takarda marufi mai ƙarfi, ana ba da fifiko ga madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madauri; don takarda mai kyau na al'adu, za a iya zaɓar masu gyaran faifai biyu ko masu gyara diski uku; don sarrafa ɓangaren litattafan almara, an fi son masu tace silindi ko na'urar tacewa mara datti.
• Halayen ɓangaren litattafan almara Match: Itace ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da dogon zaruruwa, don haka mayar da hankali kan fibrillation, da kuma masu gyaran gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci ko masu gyaran gyare-gyare na conical sune zaɓi; ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da gajerun zaruruwa, don haka matakin yankan yana buƙatar sarrafawa, kuma masu tace fayafai marasa ƙarfi na zaɓi ne; ɓangaren litattafan almara ya ƙunshi ƙazanta da yawa, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aiki masu jurewa.
• Daidaita Daidaitawa da Amfani da Makamashi: Haɗe tare da buƙatun ƙarfin samar da layin samarwa, zaɓi kayan aiki tare da ƙarancin makamashin naúrar da ingantaccen haɓakar haɓaka. Misali, manyan layukan samarwa na iya amfani da na'urori masu tacewa sau uku, kuma kanana da matsakaitan layukan samarwa na iya amfani da na'urar tacewa guda daya ko na'urar tacewa biyu.
• Yi la'akari da Daidaitawar Hankali: Masu gyaran gyare-gyare na zamani sun fi dacewa da tsarin kulawa na PLC, wanda zai iya gane ainihin lokacin kulawa na tsarin tsaftacewa (irin su tsawon fiber, daidaiton ɓangaren litattafan almara, yanayin suturar diski) da kuma sarrafa madauki ta atomatik. Lokacin zabar, ya zama dole don haɗa matakin hankali na layin samarwa da ba da fifiko ga kayan aiki waɗanda za a iya haɗa su da sauƙi don kiyayewa.

IV. Hanyoyin Ci gaban Fasaha na Masu Refiners

Tare da canjin masana'antar yin takarda zuwa "ƙananan carbon-kore, ingantaccen hankali, da inganci", fasahar mai tacewa tana gabatar da manyan hanyoyin ci gaba guda uku:

• Haɓakawa na hankali: Haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin, Intanet na Abubuwa, da fasahar AI don gane ainihin lokacin saka idanu akan tsarin tsaftacewa da kuma sarrafa madauki ta atomatik, inganta ingantaccen daidaito da kwanciyar hankali.
• Haɓaka Ajiye Makamashi: Haɓaka ƙirar tsarin diski (kamar siffar haƙori na bionic), ɗaukar ingantattun injuna masu inganci da fasahar ƙa'idar saurin jujjuyawar mita don rage yawan amfani da makamashi mai tace naúrar. Wasu sabbin nau'ikan matatun mai suna rage yawan amfani da makamashi da kashi 15% -30% idan aka kwatanta da kayan aikin gargajiya.
• Multifunctional Haɗin kai: Ƙaddamar da kayan aiki "tantatawa - nunawa - tsarkakewa" kayan aiki don rage matakan samar da kayan aiki da sararin samaniya; niyya buƙatun takarda na musamman, haɓaka masu tacewa na musamman (kamar ƙwararrun matatun fiber mai kyau, masu tace kayan aikin injiniya na musamman) don faɗaɗa yanayin aikace-aikacen.

A matsayin "core shaper" na samar da takarda, matakin fasaha na masu tacewa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ingancin takarda, ingancin samarwa, da fa'idodin muhalli. A cikin mahallin masana'antar yin takarda da ke neman ci gaba mai inganci, zabar nau'ikan matatun da suka dace, inganta mahimman sigogin fasaha, da kiyaye yanayin ci gaba na hankali da kiyaye makamashi zai zama muhimmiyar garanti ga kamfanoni don haɓaka ainihin gasa.